Skip to main content
Skip main navigation
No access
Research Article
6 November 2019

Adjectives and their keyness: a corpus-based analysis of tourism discourse in English

Publication: Corpora
Volume 14, Number 3

Abstract

This paper attempts to shed some light on the importance of adjectives in the linguistic characterisation of tourism discourse in English in general and in adventure tourism in particular as well as to prove how significant the difference in usage is compared to the general language. It seeks to understand the role that adjectives play in this specific subdomain and to contribute to the linguistic characterisation of tourism discourse in this respect. It also aims to confirm or reject previous assumptions regarding the use, and frequency of use, of adjectives and adjectival patterns in this specialised domain and, in general, to promote the study of adjectivisation in domain-specific discourses. To do so, it proposes a corpus-based study that measures the keyness of adjectives in promotional texts of the adventure tourism domain in English by comparing their usage in the compiled corpus to the two most relevant reference corpora of English (coca and the bnc).

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Adolphs, S., B. Brown, R. Carter, P. Crawford and O. Sahota. 2004. ‘Applying corpus linguistics in a health care context’, Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (1), pp. 9–28.
Baker, P. 2011. ‘Times may change, but we will always have money: diachronic variation in recent British English’, Journal of English Linguistics 39 (1), pp. 65–88.
Bache, C. and N. Davidsen-Nielsen. 1997. Mastering English: An Advanced Grammar for Non-Native and Native Speakers. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Baker, M. 2003. Lexical Categories: Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baroni, M., A. Kilgarriff, J. Pomikálek and P. Rychlý. 2006. ‘WebBootCaT: a web tool for instant corpora’ Proceedings of Euralex 2006. Torino, Italy.
Bertoldi, A. and R.L. Chishman. 2007. ‘Improving legal ontologies through semantic representation of adjectives’, ICSC 2007, pp. 767–74.
Biber, D., S. Johansson, G. Leech, S. Conrad and E. Finegan. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Biber, D., S. Conrad and V. Cortes. 2004. ‘If you look at…: lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks’, Applied Linguistics 25 (3), pp. 371–405.
Bhat, D.N.S. 1994. The Adjectival Category: Criteria for Differentiation and Identification. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language. New York, Chicago, San Francisco and Toronto: Holt Rinehart and Winston.
Cabré, M.T. 1999. ‘La terminología. Representación y comunicación. Elementos para una teoría de base comunicativa y otros artículos.’ Barcelona: Institut Universitari de Linguüística Aplicada, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Cabré, M.T. 2000. ‘Terminologie et linguistique: la théorie des portes.’ Terminologies nouvelles, 21: Terminologie et diversité culturelle. Brussels: Rifal.
Cabré, M.T. 2002. ‘Análisis textual y terminología, factores de activación de la competencia cognitiva en la traducción’ in A. Alcina and S. Gomero (eds) La traducción científico-técnica y la terminología en la sociedad de la información, pp. 87–105. Castellón: Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I.
Calvi, M.V. 2016. ‘Léxico de especialidad y lengua del turismo’ in A.L. Duffé Montalván (ed.) Estudios sobre el léxico: puntos y contrapuntos, pp. 187–214. Bern: Peter Lang.
Calvi, M.V. 2009. ‘El lenguaje del turismo’ in M.V. Calvi (coord.) Las lenguas de especialidad en Español, pp. 199–224. Italia: Carocci editore.
Capelli, G. 2013. ‘Travelling words: languaging in English tourism discourse’ in A. Yarrington, S. Villani and J. Kelly (eds) Travels and Translations, pp. 353–74. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Croft, W. 1991. Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations: The Cognitive Organisation of Information. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Dancette, J. and M.C. L'Homme. 2004. ‘Building specialized dictionaries using lexical functions’, Linguistica Antverpiensia 3, pp. 113–31.
Dann, G. 1996. The Language of Tourism: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Wallingford: CAB International.
Dixon, R.W. 1982. Where Have all the Adjectives Gone? And Other Essays in Syntax and Semantics. The Hague: Mouton.
Durán Muñoz, I. 2011. ‘Recursos electrónicos para la búsqueda terminológica en traducción: clasificación y ejemplos’, Tradumática 9, pp. 137–46.
Durán Muñoz, I. 2012. ‘Caracterización de la traducción turística: problemas, dificultades y posibles soluciones’, Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 7, pp. 103–13.
Edo Marza, N. 2011. ‘A comprehensive corpus-based study of the use of evaluative adjectives in promotional hotel websites’, Odisea 12, pp. 97–123.
Edo Marzá, N. 2012. ‘Páginas web privadas e institucionales: el uso de la adjetivación en un corpus inglés-español de promoción de destinos turísticos’ in J. Sanmartín Sáez (ed.) Discurso turístico e Internet, pp. 81–124. Madrid, Spain: Iberoamericana/Vervuert.
Fellbaum, C., D. Gross and K. Miller. 1993. ‘Adjectives in WordNet’ in G. Miller, R. Beckwith, C. Fellbaum, D. Gross and K. Miller (eds) Five Papers on WordNet, pp. 26–39. Tehnical Report 43. Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University.
Ferris, C.D. 1993. The Meaning of Syntax: A Study in the Adjectives of English. London and New York: Longman.
Goethals, P. and L. Segers. 2016. ‘El uso de los adjetivos en los folletos de turespaña y en la guía de viajes 2.0 minube: un análisis de corpus’ in M. López Santiago and D. Giménez Folqués (eds) El léxico del discurso turístico 2.0, pp. 117–52. Valencia: IULMA.
Gotti, M. 2006. ‘The Language of Tourism as Specialized Discourse’ in S. Francesconi and O. Palusci (eds) Translating Tourism Linguistic / Cultural Representations, pp. 15–34. Trento: Editrice Università degli Studi di Trento.
Gray, B. and D. Biber 2013. ‘Lexical frames in academic prose and conversation’, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 18 (1), pp. 109–35.
Kerbrat-Orecchioni, C. 1980. L'enonciation de la subjectivite dans le langage. Paris: Armand Colin.
Kilgarriff, A., P. Rychly, P. Smrž and D. Tugwell. 2004. ‘The Sketch Engine’ proceedings of EURALEX, pp. 105–16. Lorient, France.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.
Hardie, A. 2014a. ‘Statistical identification of keywords, lockwords and collocations as a two-step procedure’ paper presented at ICAME 35 Corpus Linguistics, Context and Culture, p.49. Nottingham, UK.
Hardie, A. 2014b. ‘Log Ratio – an informal introduction’, ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS). Accessed 23 February 2018 at: http://cass.lancs.ac.uk/?p=1133.
Huddleston, R. 1984. Introduction to the Grammar of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hunston, S. and G. Thompson. 2003. Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jaworska, S. 2013. ‘The quest for the “local” and “authentic” corpus-based explorations into the discursive constructions of tourist destinations in British and German commercial travel advertising’ in D. Höhmann (ed.) Tourismuskommunikation. Im Spannungsfeld von Sprach- und Kulturkontakt, pp. 75–100. Peter Lang: Frankfurt am Main.
Lee, S. 1994. Untersuchungen zur Valenz des Adjektivs in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Berlin: Peter Lang.
Leech, G. 1989. An A–Z of English: Grammar and Usage. London: Nelson.
L'Homme, M.C. 2002. ‘What can verbs and adjectives tell us about terms?’ paper presented at TKE 2002. Nancy, France.
Manca, E. 2008. ‘From phraseology to culture: qualifying adjectives in the language of tourism’, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 13 (3), pp. 368–85.
Mapelli, G. 2008. ‘Las marcas de metadiscurso interpersonal de la sección “turismo” de los sitios web de los ayuntamientos’ in M.V. Calvi, G. Mapelli and L.J. Santos López (eds) Lingue, culture, economia: comunicazione e pratiche discursive, pp. 173–90. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Mapelli, G. 2013. ‘El léxico de las guías descriptivas’ in L. Chierichetti, and G. Garofalo (eds) Discurso profesional y lingüística de corpus. Perspectivas de investigación, pp. 125–38. Bergamo: CELSB.
Quirk, R. and S. Greenbaum. 1979. A University Grammar of English. London: Longman.
Quirk, R., S. Greenbaum, G. Leech and J. Svartvik. 1972. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London and New York: Longman.
Pierini, P. 2009. ‘Adjectives in tourism English on the web: a corpus-based study’, Círculo de Linguüística Aplicada a la Comunicación CLAC, 40, pp. 93–116. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
San Martín, H. and I. Rodríguez Del Bosque. 2008. ‘Exploring the cognitive–affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation’, Tourism Management 29, pp. 263–77.
Sinclair, J. 1990. Collins Cobuild English Grammar. London: Happer Collins.
Taylor, C. 2013. ‘Searching for similarity using corpus-assisted discourse studies’, Corpora 8 (1), pp. 81–113.
Teyssier, J. 1968. ‘Notes on the syntax of the adjective in Modern English’, Lingu 20, pp. 225–49.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Corpora
Corpora
Volume 14Number 3November, 2019
Pages: 351 - 378

History

Published in print: November, 2019
Published online: 6 November 2019

Keywords

  1. adventure tourism
  2. corpus-based study
  3. keyness
  4. log ratio
  5. reference corpus

Authors

Affiliations

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Export citation

Select the format you want to export the citations of this publication.

View Options

LOGIN OPTIONS

Personal login
Subscribe to get full access to this article
Corpora
Buy Article
Adjectives and their keyness: a corpus-based analysis of tourism discourse in English Corpora Volume 14, Issue 3 Online, 48 hour access
$ 45.00
ADD TO CART
Buy Issue
Corpora Volume 14, Issue 3 Print
$ 67.00
ADD TO CART

Restore Guest Purchase

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality only works for purchases made as a guest. If you have an account, please log in to access your purchased content.

View options

PDF/EPUB

View PDF/EPUB

Full Text

View Full Text

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share on social media